ABSTRACT
Multiple studies had been conducted world wide on the prevalence of thyroid hormone disorder in past and recent years. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is also very common affecting both mother and foetus. A prospective study is conducted in department of pathology, GRMC Gwalior including 1554 patient with symptoms and previous history and analysed by SNIBE MAGLUMI series fully automated ChemiluminescenceImmunoassay analyzer (Clia) for the quantitative determination of thyroid hormone profile. Out of 1554 patients, prevalence of thyroid hormone disorders discussed separately in 1271 cases and 283 antenatal cases. Among 1271 patients, prevalence of thyroid hormone disorder is 32.9% where as 67.1% were euthyroid with higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (26.3%) than hyperthyroidism (6.6%). Females are affected more than male (7:1) and most commonly affected age group is 20 to 39 years. Prevalence of primary, secondary and subclinical hypothyroidism were 4.16%, 2.04% and 20.06% respectively where as in case of hyperthyroidism were 0.94%. 5.43% and 0.23% respectively. Antenatal cases shows 33.6% prevalence of hypothyroidism and 0.4% prevalence of hyperthyroidism. Women in first trimester shows maximum prevalence of 15.9% including 15.55% hypothyroidism and 0.35% hyperthyroidism followed by 9.9% and 8.13% prevalence of hypothyroidism in second and third trimester respectively. Our study conclude that prevalence of thyroid hormone disorders are increasing with recent advances and time and further evaluation is needed to rule out the cause behind increasing trends
ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer is unique among human cancers which is mostly attributable to infection. Conventional PAP smear method is most effective for prevention and detection of cervical cancer but the accuracy of this method is low. This PAP smear now evolved to Liquid Based Cytology (LBC). Method: All the patients visiting Gynaecology OPD who fulfilled the inclusion Criteria in the duration starting from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2021 in the Department of Pathology of Gajra raja Medical College, Gwalior (MP) were included in this study. 50 atypical smears by Conventional PAP test were then collected and these cases were subjected to Eziprep Liquid Based Cytology and Conventional PAP smear in private laboratory setup after taking history and clinical examination. The smears were studied by using 7 morphological parameters. Smears were analysed for adequate cellularity, clean background, uniformResult: distribution of cells, cellular overlapping, inflammation, distinct cell border, nuclear irregularity and then categorise by Bethesda reporting system. The results were significant only for clean background, uniform distribution of cells, cellular overlapping and inflammation. Conclusion: Results of cervical cytology smears by both methods showed that LBC provides more representative sample with reduced obscuring material, improved clarity allowing better morphological evaluation.